{"id":7732,"date":"2025-12-30T10:39:16","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T10:39:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.cn\/academychina\/?p=7732"},"modified":"2026-01-05T10:53:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T10:53:26","slug":"scientific-method","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.cn\/academychina\/scientific-method\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

“\u60a8\u77e5\u9053\u5417\uff1f\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u60a8\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u548c\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636ePubMed\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u9752\u7750\u3002”<\/p>\n

\u81ea17\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u77e5\u8bc6\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u8c28\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e14\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c06\u5176\u878d\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9e\u7528\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u5047\u8bbe\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5b83\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8<\/h3>\n

\u65e9\u671f\u6839\u6e90<\/strong>\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u548c\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728\u7b49\u53e4\u5178\u65f6\u671f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d<\/strong>\uff1a\u572816\u548c17\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u57f9\u6839\u7b49\u4eba\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u827e\u8428\u514b\u00b7\u725b\u987f\u5219\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u5f52\u7eb3\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u6539\u8fdb<\/strong>\uff1a\u76ee\u524d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5047\u8bf4-\u6f14\u7ece\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ef\u8bc1\u4f2a\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u72ec\u7acb\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u4fe1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u76f8\u5173\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9002\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h2>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u90fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u89c2\u5bdf<\/h3>\n

\u8bc6\u522b\u5f15\u53d1\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u6216\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u884c\u661f\u5728\u591c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u63d0\u51fa\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u51fa\u7cbe\u786e\u4e14\u53ef\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a”\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u949f\u6446\u7684\u6446\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\uff1f”<\/p>\n

3. \u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe<\/h3>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a”\u5982\u679c\u949f\u6446\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u7f29\u77ed\uff0c\u5176\u6446\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u5c06\u51cf\u5c11\u3002”<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u5047\u8bbe\u65e2\u5177\u4f53\u53c8\u53ef\u8bc1\u4f2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u5b9e\u9a8c<\/h3>\n

\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53d7\u63a7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5229\u7528\u659c\u9762\u7814\u7a76\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u8003\u8651<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u6280\u672f\u89e3\u91ca\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u8bc6\u522b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u949f\u6446\u6446\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528SPSS\u6216R\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

6. \u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n

\u5f97\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u4fee\u6b63\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u8ba4\u949f\u6446\u957f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u6446\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u6216\u6f14\u8bb2\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7686\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n

\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong>\uff1a\u68c0\u9a8c\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u725b\u987f\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8c03\u67e5\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u884c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76vs. \u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76<\/h3>\n

\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u8ba1\u5212<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u9879\u5168\u7403\u6027\u8ba1\u5212\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7ed8\u5236\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5047\u8bbe\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5176\u6210\u529f\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/h2>\n

\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe<\/h3>\n

\u5e38\u89c1\u9677\u9631<\/strong>\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6a21\u7cca\u6216\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5bbd\u6cdb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u5047\u8bbe\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u53ef\u8861\u91cf\u4e14\u53ef\u8bc1\u4f2a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef<\/h3>\n

\u62bd\u6837\u504f\u5dee\u6216\u8bbe\u5907\u6545\u969c\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u626d\u66f2\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f13\u89e3\u63aa\u65bd<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6280\u672f\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u5371\u673a<\/h3>\n

\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u4e34\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a\u516c\u5f00\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u9075\u5b88\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7<\/h2>\n

1. \u5c06\u65b9\u6cd5\u6574\u5408\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u4e66\u4e2d<\/h3>\n

\u6e05\u6670\u6982\u8ff0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u57fa\u91d1\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u5229\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u672f<\/h3>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8eAI\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u5047\u8bbe\u751f\u6210\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n

SPSS\u3001R\u6216Python\u7b49\u7edf\u8ba1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u64b0\u5199\u65b9\u6cd5\u90e8\u5206<\/h3>\n

\u786e\u4fdd\u65b9\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u8db3\u591f\u8be6\u7ec6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ed6\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u590d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u8bba\u9601<\/strong>\u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/strong>\uff1a\u82f1\u8bba\u9601\u7684\u6da6\u8272\u670d\u52a1<\/a>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u5b8c\u5584\u65b9\u6cd5\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5e76\u7b26\u5408\u5b66\u672f\u4e25\u8c28\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e0e\u6f14\u7ece\u63a8\u7406<\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u63a8\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\u90fd\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f52\u7eb3\u63a8\u7406<\/h3>\n

\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u89c2\u5bdf\u690d\u7269\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u957f\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6f14\u7ece\u63a8\u7406<\/h3>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u7406\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u58e4\u6210\u5206\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868\uff1a\u5f52\u7eb3\u63a8\u7406 vs. \u6f14\u7ece\u63a8\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u65b9\u9762<\/strong><\/td>\n\u5f52\u7eb3\u63a8\u7406<\/strong><\/td>\n\u6f14\u7ece\u63a8\u7406<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/td>\n\u5177\u4f53 \u2192 \u4e00\u822c<\/td>\n\u4e00\u822c \u2192 \u5177\u4f53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5e94\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/td>\n\u89c2\u5bdf\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u68c0\u9a8c\u73b0\u6709\u7406\u8bba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u9014<\/strong><\/td>\n\u5047\u8bbe\u751f\u6210<\/td>\n\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6c38\u6052\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u6b65\u9aa4\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u82f1\u8bba\u9601<\/a>\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8d4b\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b8c\u5584\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u63d0\u5347\u7814\u7a76\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u6210\u529f\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“\u60a8\u77e5\u9053\u5417\uff1f\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u60a8\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u548c\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636ePubMed\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u9752\u7750\u3002” \u81ea17\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u77e5\u8bc6\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u8c28\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e14\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c06\u5176\u878d\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9e\u7528\u5efa\u8bae\u3002 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f \u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u5047\u8bbe\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5b83\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8 \u65e9\u671f\u6839\u6e90\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u548c\u6d77\u4ec0\u6728\u7b49\u53e4\u5178\u65f6\u671f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u3002 \u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u572816\u548c17\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u57f9\u6839\u7b49\u4eba\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u827e\u8428\u514b\u00b7\u725b\u987f\u5219\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u5f52\u7eb3\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002 \u73b0\u4ee3\u6539\u8fdb\uff1a\u76ee\u524d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5047\u8bf4-\u6f14\u7ece\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ef\u8bc1\u4f2a\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1f \u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u72ec\u7acb\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u4fe1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002 \u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002 \u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff1a\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9002\u7528\u3002 \u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4 \u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u90fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 1. \u89c2\u5bdf \u8bc6\u522b\u5f15\u53d1\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u6216\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u884c\u661f\u5728\u591c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002 2. \u63d0\u51fa\u95ee\u9898 \u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u51fa\u7cbe\u786e\u4e14\u53ef\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u70b9\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a”\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u949f\u6446\u7684\u6446\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\uff1f” 3. \u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe \u57fa\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a”\u5982\u679c\u949f\u6446\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u7f29\u77ed\uff0c\u5176\u6446\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u5c06\u51cf\u5c11\u3002” \u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u5047\u8bbe\u65e2\u5177\u4f53\u53c8\u53ef\u8bc1\u4f2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002 4. \u5b9e\u9a8c \u8bbe\u8ba1\u53d7\u63a7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u504f\u89c1\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5229\u7528\u659c\u9762\u7814\u7a76\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002 \u5173\u952e\u8003\u8651\uff1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u3002 5. \u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790 \u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u6280\u672f\u89e3\u91ca\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u8bc6\u522b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u949f\u6446\u6446\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002 \u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528SPSS\u6216R\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002 6. \u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba \u5f97\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u4fee\u6b63\u5047\u8bbe\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u786e\u8ba4\u949f\u6446\u957f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u6446\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u6700\u540e\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u6216\u6f14\u8bb2\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528 \u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7686\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 \u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u68c0\u9a8c\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u725b\u987f\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002 \u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8c03\u67e5\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u884c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u3002 \u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76vs. \u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76 \u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u3002 \u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u9884\u6d4b\u3002 \u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u8ba1\u5212 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