医学影像

医学影像学是指为临床分析和医疗干预而将人体内部视觉化，以及对某些器官或组织的功能（生理学）以非侵入方式取得内部组织影像的技术与处理过程。 Enago在医学影像领域具有深厚的专业知识储备，拥有医学影像和相关学科，如解剖学与生理学、病理学等学科的学科专业翻译师、双语校对以及英语母语学科专家编辑，且已翻译了大量此领域相关的科研论文，并协助诸多学术作者成功在国际知名SCI/EI/SSCI期刊上发表高水平论文。

骨髓炎逐渐成为一种越来越常见的疾病，在诊断方面往往对临床医生构成挑战。由于其并发症会导致死亡或肢体丧失，准确及时的诊断对于预防并发症至关重要。除了病史、体检和实验室检查外，诊断成像在诊断过程中也是必不可少的。该文献为描述性综述，讨论了各种用于诊断骨髓炎的影像学方法，即平片摄影、计算机断层扫描（CT）、磁共振成像（MRI）、超声波扫描、骨闪烁扫描和正电子发射断层扫描（PET）。文献从PubMed数据库获得，并依据与“骨髓炎的诊断影像学”主题相关的标准进行筛选。作者总结说，平片摄影适于第一步诊断，因为平片可以显示溶骨性改变，有助于排除其他疾病。磁共振成像通常最适于第二步诊断，因为其高度敏感，可以显示感染几天内的骨髓变化。其他成像方式，如CT、超声波扫描和骨闪烁扫描可能对不能接受MRI的患者有用。CT有助于鉴别慢性感染的坏死骨。超声检查可能对儿童或镰状细胞病患者有用。骨闪烁扫描对检测脊椎骨髓炎特别有用。最后，PET显示出很高的敏感性和特异性，但由于成本昂贵，利用率较低，其临床应用有限。如果使用得当，诊断成像可以高度敏感且明确地检测出骨髓炎，在这种使人慢慢衰竭的疾病诊断中起到关键作用。

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Osteomyelitis is an increasingly common pathology that often poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. Accurate and timely diagnosis is critical to prevent complications that can result in the loss of life or limb. In addition to history, physical exam, and laboratory studies, diagnostic imaging plays an essential role in the diagnostic process. This narrative review article discusses various imaging modalities employed to diagnose , namely plain films, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, bone scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography (PET). Articles were obtained from PubMed and screened for relevance to the topic of diagnostic imaging for osteomyelitis. The authors conclude that plain films are an appropriate first step as they may reveal osteolytic changes and can help rule out alternative pathology. MRI is often the most appropriate second study, as it is highly sensitive and can detect bone marrow changes within days of an infection. Other studies such as CT, ultrasound, and bone scintigraphy may be useful in patients who cannot undergo MRI. CT is useful for identifying necrotic bones in chronic infections. Ultrasound may be useful in children or with sickle-cell disease. Bone scintigraphy is particularly useful for vertebral osteomyelitis. Finally, PET has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity; however, its clinical application is limited by its high cost and poor availability. When used appropriately, diagnostic imaging can provide high sensitivity and specificity for detecting osteomyelitis, making radiographic evaluation a crucial step in the diagnostic process of this debilitating condition.

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Osteomyelitis is an increasingly common condition that possesses a diagnostic challenge to the clinicians. Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for preventing complications that can result in the loss of life or limb. In addition to history, physical examination, and laboratory studies, diagnostic imaging is essential in the diagnostic process. In this narrative review article, various imaging modalities to diagnose osteomyelitis are described; these includeplain radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, bone scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography (PET). Articles were identified through PubMed and screened for relevance to the topic of diagnostic imaging for osteomyelitis. The authors concluded that plain radiography is an appropriate first step because the images may reveal osteolytic changes and can help rule out alternative disease. MRI is often the most appropriate second step because it is highly sensitive and can reveal bone marrow changes within days of an infection. Other imaging modalities such as CT, ultrasonography, and bone scintigraphy may be useful for patients in who MRI cannot be performed. CT is useful for identifying necrotic bone in chronic infections. Ultrasonography may be useful in children or individuals with sickle-cell disease. Bone scintigraphy is particularly useful in detecting vertebral osteomyelitis. Finally, PET has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity; however, as it is expensive and often unavailable its clinical application is limited. When used appropriately, radiographic evaluation has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting osteomyelitis; thus, it is a crucial step in diagnosing this debilitating condition.