动词 cooperate 与 collaborate 的意义相近,两者都几乎与 work together 同义;然而,这两个单词间还是存在重要差异,而且通常不可互换使用。cooperate 与 collaborate 间的主要差异在于其意义的广泛程度。在这两个单词中,cooperate 表示的意思定义较为广泛,而且传达纯粹的“共同努力”的概念。尽管 collaborate 也有这个意思,但它表达的概念更为精准。具体而言,collaborate不仅是纯粹的“共同努力”,其表达了“通过共同努力达到特定结果”的概念。因此,cooperate 的重点在于共同努力本身的过程,而 collaborate 则是强调这个过程希望达到的成果。
以下例句说明 cooperate 与 collaborate 及其名词形式 cooperation 与 collaboration 的正确用法。[1]
- Thomas and Yamada have collaborated on several research projects.
- We are presently collaborating on three papers.
- Their collaboration produced important results.
- The patient did not cooperate with her physical therapist.
- Your cooperation in dealing with this problem is requested.
- The referee did not cooperate with the editor.
[1] cooperation 与 collaboration 间的差异类似于 cooperate 与 collaborate 间的差异。