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comparing with (to)

Comparing with (to) 的表达方式应用作一个副词,但却经常被误用。最常见的这类错误列举如下:

  1. Comparing to the previous results, the present results are much more complete.
  2. Comparing with the thermal velocity, u is quite small.
  1. The present results are much more complete than the previous results.
  2. In comparison with the thermal velocity, u is quite small.

上述例句中的问题是因为语法错误。为了理解这点,首先要注意尽管comparing with (to) 整体用作副词,但当出现在此类表达中时,comparing是一个(现在)分词,表示的是一个分词短语。通常,如果现在分词短语出现在句首,后面接续的主句的主语必须与分词的主语相同。(如果不相同时,此分词则被当作“垂悬分词”。)在例句(1)和(2)中, “comparing”(隐含)的主语是一个人(理解为we或I最自然),而主句的主语则为“result”和“u”。

在以下例句我们说明一下comparing with (to) 的准确用法。

  1. Comparing with the observation for Titan, we identify the following discrepancy.
  2. However, comparing to the unfiltered sample, we can show that our treatment is useful.

尽管在(3)和(4)中列举的用法是正确的,但在大部分情况下comparing会和介词with或to一起用,包括comparing的直接宾语,会出现在最自然的英语语言中。这点用于上述例句中,我们会采用以下句子:

  1. Comparing the present observations with the observation for Titan, we identify the following discrepancy.
  2. However, comparing our sample to the unfiltered sample, we can show that our treatment is useful.
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